Pourquoi l’immersion, les conversations, même fréquentes, avec des autochtones ne suffisent pas ?

Essayer de maîtriser une langue uniquement en « communiquant » reviendrait à essayer de pratiquer le tennis à un niveau professionnel juste en jouant des matches…

Parler la langue est évidemment nécessaire mais sert principalement à fixer les acquis et à augmenter la confiance en soi et la fluidité car l’attention est concentrée sur « quoi », « que » me dit-on et « que » vais-je dire.

Pour « apprendre » et « maîtriser » réellement, il faut des exercices durant lesquels l’attention est concentrée sur « comment » faire, donc l’équivalent d’exercices techniques dans un sport physique.

En sport, entre les matches, on fait des exercices techniques : répéter un mouvement particulier pour affiner et développer des réflexes précis, par exemple, au tennis, répéter le service ou le revers jusqu’à ce que le mouvement correct soit intégré, automatisé.

De même pour maîtriser une langue, il faut automatiser des mouvements mentaux.

En effet, apprendre une langue étrangère est un processus fondamentalement différent de celui de l’acquisition de la langue maternelle. Juste en écoutant et en parlant une langue étrangère, on n’acquiert généralement même pas une compétence orale performante comparable à celle les enfants avant l’entrée à l’école. La différence est à la fois d’ordre quantitatif et qualitatif.

Quantitatif parce que le temps d’exposition à la langue étrangère est une infime fraction du contact permanent qui permet la constitution spontanée, naturelle, de connexions et donc d’un réseau langagier ;

Qualitatif parce que la tâche cognitive est fondamentalement différente puisqu’il existe déjà dans le cerveau un réseau langagier bien ancré qui s’active automatiquement pour exprimer les idées.

Il faut donc créer et activer consciemment le réseau langagier de la langue-cible, les processus à suivre pour s’exprimer correctement, tout comme les athlètes apprennent à faire des mouvements qui ne se font pas naturellement.

De même, tout comme créer l’image mentale du mouvement aide l’athlète à automatiser ce mouvement, créer l’image mentale des structures de la langue étrangère permet d’automatiser leur utilisation plus rapidement et donc, de se sentir à l’aise, de prendre confiance en soi.

Sans cette image mentale claire, l’athlète comme l’apprenant d’une langue étrangère répète constamment les mêmes erreurs et, en dépit des entraînements, stagne à un certain niveau parce qu’il n’a pas en tête le processus à suivre.

C’est pour les raisons explicitées ci-dessus que la première phase de la Méthode Corbisier est la création de l’image mentale des structures de la langue cible :

Prendre conscience des différences entre la langue maternelle et la langue étrangère. Avoir une image globale, claire de la façon dont la langue étrangère fonctionne.

En d’autres termes, une image mentale des processus à suivre pour structurer ses phrases.

Et pour atteindre cet objectif, la Méthode Corbisier met à votre disposition des outils de visualisation.

Les conversations avec des autochtones ne vous permettront pas de vous débarrasser des erreurs de francophones les plus fréquentes. Pour les éviter, la première chose à faire est de les identifier. Cliquez ici pour télécharger gratuitement le guide des 100 erreurs.

- Écrit par Agnès Corbisier

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